Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ACF::$fields is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/fields.php on line 138

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_loop::$loops is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/loop.php on line 28

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ACF::$loop is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/loop.php on line 269

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ACF::$revisions is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/revisions.php on line 397

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_validation::$errors is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/validation.php on line 28

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ACF::$validation is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/validation.php on line 214

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_customizer::$preview_values is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-customizer.php on line 28

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_customizer::$preview_fields is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-customizer.php on line 29

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_customizer::$preview_errors is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-customizer.php on line 30

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property ACF::$form_front is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-front.php on line 598

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_widget::$preview_values is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-widget.php on line 34

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_widget::$preview_reference is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-widget.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_form_widget::$preview_errors is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/forms/form-widget.php on line 36

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$assets_path is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 80

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\queue(): Implicitly marking parameter $assign as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 24

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 247

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 247

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 268

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit(): Implicitly marking parameter $onRejected as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 268

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\GuzzleHttp\Promise\each_limit_all(): Implicitly marking parameter $onFulfilled as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/guzzlehttp/promises/src/functions.php on line 285

Deprecated: YoastSEO_Vendor\Symfony\Component\DependencyInjection\Container::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $parameterBag as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/vendor_prefixed/symfony/dependency-injection/Container.php on line 60

Deprecated: yksemeProcessSnippet(): Optional parameter $list declared before required parameter $submit_text is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/yikes-inc-easy-mailchimp-extender/public/helpers.php on line 14

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::save_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 29

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::stake_claim(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 188

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::get_scheduled_date_string(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 257

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Store::get_scheduled_date_string_local(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Store.php on line 274

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_unique_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 55

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $scheduled_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 68

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::save_action_to_db(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 82

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::stake_claim(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 795

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBStore::claim_actions(): Implicitly marking parameter $before_date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBStore.php on line 860

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Logger::log(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Logger.php on line 28

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Logger::log_failed_fetch_action(): Implicitly marking parameter $exception as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Logger.php on line 142

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_DBLogger::log(): Implicitly marking parameter $date as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/data-stores/ActionScheduler_DBLogger.php on line 21

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $monitor as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cleaner as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $async_request as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueRunner.php on line 39

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $monitor as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $cleaner as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/abstracts/ActionScheduler_Abstract_QueueRunner.php on line 34

Deprecated: ActionScheduler_QueueCleaner::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $store as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wp-mail-smtp/vendor/woocommerce/action-scheduler/classes/ActionScheduler_QueueCleaner.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$addon is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 50

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$helper is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 51

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$opt is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 53

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$opt2 is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 54

Notice: Function _load_textdomain_just_in_time was called incorrectly. Translation loading for the wordpress-seo domain was triggered too early. This is usually an indicator for some code in the plugin or theme running too early. Translations should be loaded at the init action or later. Please see Debugging in WordPress for more information. (This message was added in version 6.7.0.) in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-includes/functions.php on line 6170

Deprecated: infranum_pagination(): Implicitly marking parameter $wp_query as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/themes/infranum2023/functions.php on line 167

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$post_formats is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 92

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$page_templates is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 93

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$post_formats is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 92

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$page_templates is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 93

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$post_formats is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 92

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Metabox::$page_templates is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/metabox-options.class.php on line 93

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property evoep_front::$functions is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/includes/class-frontend.php on line 15

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property evoep_front::$opt is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/includes/class-frontend.php on line 27

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property evoep_front::$opt2 is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/includes/class-frontend.php on line 28

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property eventon_photos::$frontend is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/eventon-event-photos/eventon-event-photos.php on line 92

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_field_oembed::$width is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/fields/class-acf-field-oembed.php on line 31

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_field_oembed::$height is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/fields/class-acf-field-oembed.php on line 32

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_field_google_map::$default_values is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/fields/class-acf-field-google-map.php on line 33

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property acf_field__group::$have_rows is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/advanced-custom-fields/includes/fields/class-acf-field-group.php on line 31

Deprecated: acf_field_repeater::update_row(): Optional parameter $i declared before required parameter $post_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/acf-repeater/includes/5-7/acf-repeater-field.php on line 739

Deprecated: acf_field_repeater::delete_row(): Optional parameter $i declared before required parameter $post_id is implicitly treated as a required parameter in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/acf-repeater/includes/5-7/acf-repeater-field.php on line 805

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Asset_Manager::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $asset_location as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/admin/class-admin-asset-manager.php on line 43

Deprecated: Yoast\WP\SEO\Integrations\Third_Party\Wordproof::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $asset_manager as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/src/integrations/third-party/wordproof.php on line 52

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Bar_Menu::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $asset_manager as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/inc/class-wpseo-admin-bar-menu.php on line 120

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Bar_Menu::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $indexable_repository as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/inc/class-wpseo-admin-bar-menu.php on line 120

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Bar_Menu::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $score_icon_helper as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/inc/class-wpseo-admin-bar-menu.php on line 120

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Bar_Menu::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $product_helper as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/inc/class-wpseo-admin-bar-menu.php on line 120

Deprecated: WPSEO_Admin_Bar_Menu::__construct(): Implicitly marking parameter $shortlinker as nullable is deprecated, the explicit nullable type must be used instead in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/wordpress-seo/inc/class-wpseo-admin-bar-menu.php on line 120

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_color::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_color::$value is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 36

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_color::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_color::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_color::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$parent is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 39

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$field is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 35

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$unique is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 37

Deprecated: Creation of dynamic property SP_LOGO_CAROUSEL_Field_typography::$where is deprecated in /home/infranumti/infranum.fr/dev/wp-content/plugins/logo-carousel-pro/src/Admin/views/sp_framework/classes/fields.class.php on line 38

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Cloud européen : un marché de +300 milliards d’euros à l’horizon 2027-2030 dont la moitié du potentiel pourrait échapper à l’Europe ? - InfraNum


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KPMG France, mandaté par plusieurs acteurs majeurs du secteur – InfraNum, Talan, OVHcloud et Linkt, publie un Livre blanc inédit qui analyse les enjeux majeurs du cloud pour l’Europe dans les années qui viennent et propose cinq scénarios de développement à l’horizon 2027 / 2030.

— La pandémie de la Covid-19 a accéléré le recours des entreprises aux services du cloud, avec une migration portée par des logiques d’optimisation opérationnelle et financière ;

— Les enjeux du marché sont conséquents pour l’Europe : +500 000 emplois directs estimés à horizon 2027 et des investissements cumulés d’environ 200 milliards d’euros d’ici 2027 ;

—Les spécialistes européens gagnent progressivement de l’importance sur leurs marchés nationaux dans un secteur dominé par trois acteurs américains ;

— Sans prise de décisions majeure, l’Europe pourrait perdre jusqu’à la moitié de son impact économique et social sur ce marché.

Le marché européen du cloud est en forte expansion mais faiblement concurrentiel

En Europe, le marché du cloud computing (organisé autour trois types de services : Software-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service, Infrastructure-as-a-Service) a enregistré une croissance de 27 % par an entre 2017 et 2019. Il est estimé à 53 milliards d’euros en 2020 et devrait atteindre 300 à 500 milliards d’euros d’ici 2027-2030. La pandémie de la Covid-19 a encore accéléré le recours aux services du cloud, qui a démontré son rôle stratégique en tant qu’infrastructure vitale et facteur de résilience. 82 % des décideurs interrogés ont augmenté leur utilisation du cloud en réponse directe à la pandémie.

Le marché européen du cloud est dominé par trois acteurs majeurs (les « hyperscalers), qui captent, sur le IaaS, 70 % de la part de marché : Amazon avec AWS (53 %), Microsoft avec Azure (9 %) et Google Cloud (8 %). Cependant, les spécialistes du cloud et les opérateurs télécoms européens gagnent progressivement de l’importance sur leurs marchés nationaux. Ainsi OVHcloud et Deutsche Telekom se classent troisième et quatrième dans leur pays sur les marchés infrastructures et plates-formes.

Une migration indispensable mais contraignante

La migration des entreprises et des organisations vers le cloud est portée par des logiques d’optimisation opérationnelle et financière. Les principaux motifs de recours au cloud répertoriés par le Livre blanc sont :

– La variabilisation des coûts ;
– La flexibilité dans l’utilisation des capacités ;
– La collaboration entre les équipes et l’échange de données sécurisées ;
– L’agilité et la fluidité du déploiement ;
– La sécurité et la résilience ;
– L’agilité de déploiement des activités stratégiques.

Pour les décideurs, la conformité à la RGPD et la souveraineté des données sont des critères de choix importants dans la sélection d’un fournisseur de services cloud.

L’épineuse question de la souveraineté des données

Depuis 2016, plusieurs réglementations sur les données ont été mises en œuvre aux États-Unis et dans l’UE (RGPD, US-EU Privacy Shield, Cloud Act), visant à établir un cadre juridique strict concernant les flux de données ; mais l’invalidation du Privacy Shield par la Cour de justice de l’UE en 2020 a mis en évidence la profonde incompatibilité des réglementations américaines avec les principes du RGPD, qui semblent irréconciliables.

En conséquence, les entreprises transférant des données à caractère personnel d’européens sur des serveurs d’entreprises non-européennes (même si elles sont établies en Europe) n’ont dans la plupart des cas, plus de base juridique fiable pour le faire, et s’exposent à des risques juridiques mais aussi industriels, sachant que les prestataires cloud globaux ont souvent accès à leurs données confidentielles et à leur propriété intellectuelle. Cette situation soulève des inquiétudes et comporte des risques financiers et opérationnels qui dépassent les seuls enjeux des directions techniques et tendent à devenir une part intégrante de la gouvernance des entreprises.

La souveraineté des données européennes se fonde sur la combinaison de huit critères, qui sont à considérer comme un « tout », afin d’assurer une parfaite conformité et une complète prévention des risques. Il est probable que dans les années à venir, la souveraineté des données va constituer un enjeu commercial du fait des attentes croissantes des consommateurs européens en la matière.

Cinq scénarios pour le marché européen

Dans ce contexte, la situation du marché européen du cloud doit évoluer, et cette évolution pourrait suivre un certain nombre de scénarios. Le Livre blanc de KPMG en a identifié cinq :

– Le cloud comme bien commun, avec une interopérabilité volontaire accrue entre les services de cloud, voire une fédération des acteurs autour d’écosystèmes cloud sectoriels communs.

– La montée en puissance des acteurs européens, permise par l’émergence de nouveaux segments de marché ; edge computing, développement de l’intelligence artificielle, notamment dans le secteur industriel ; offres souveraines, etc…

– L’instauration d’une puissante vague réglementaire, notamment avec la création d’une Autorité de régulation du cloud, une réglementation plus stricte des pratiques commerciales, une interopérabilité forcée entre les opérateurs imposée par le régulateur et une réglementation accrue de l’innovation basée ou dérivée du cloud.

– Une européanisation des opérations des grands acteurs non-européens du cloud, soumis à des réglementations assurant à l’Europe une création de valeur effective régionalement, et un respect strict des réglementations européennes.

– Une séparation fonctionnelle ou structurelle des activités cloud des autres activités des opérateurs de cloud, avec notamment la création d’entités légales distinctes, dans la logique des appels au discussions actuelles sur les Big Tech aux États-Unis.

Ce Livre blanc montre que l’avenir du cloud européen pourrait être la combinaison de plusieurs de ces scénarios à des horizons variés. A défaut de changements significatifs par rapport à la situation actuelle, si la domination des « hyperscalers » venait à se renforcer, l’Europe pourrait perdre de 20 à 50 % de l’impact économique estimé du marché du cloud computing.

Méthodologie

Ce Livre blanc a été construit à partir de données et de ressources émanant d’une variété de sources, dont plus de 250 entretiens avec des décideurs publics et privés européens.
L’étude a été menée sur une période de 8 semaines entre janvier et mars 2021 et réalisée grâce au soutien et à la contribution active d’InfraNum, ainsi que de Talan, OVHcloud et Linkt.

 

 

 


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